Low Voltage Directive (LVD)

The LVD covers safety risks (shock, fire, mechanical and other hazards) from electrical equipment within its voltage ranges, which apply to the equipment's input or output voltage. Compliance is usually shown with harmonized safety standards such as EN IEC 62368-1 for audio/video and IT equipment or the EN 60335 series for household appliances.

Battery-powered products below 75 V DC, such as many IoT devices, generally fall outside the LVD, but their safety is still regulated, for consumer products under the EU General Product Safety Regulation; products with radios address safety under the RED, which has no lower voltage limit. A separate mains power adapter is itself within the LVD's scope.